Water Quality with Vernier - Print and E-Book

The Nitrate Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) can be used to measure the concentration of Nitrate (NO3-) in aqueous samples. Specifications Range (concentration): 1 to 14,000 mg/L (or ppm) Reproducibility (precision): ±10% of full scale (calibrated 1 to 100 mg/L) Interfering ions: CIO4–, I–, ClO3–, CN–, BF4– pH range: 2–11 (no pH compensation) Temperature range: 0–40°C (no temperature compensation) Electrode slope: -55 ±3 mV/decade at 25°C Electrode resistance: 1–4 MΩ Immersion: 2.8 cm Electrode length: 155 mm Body diameter: 12 mm Cap diameter: 16 mm Cable length: 100 cm What's included Vernier Nitrate Ion-Selective Electrode 30 mL bottle of Nitrate Low Standard (1 mg/L or 1 ppm NO3–) 30 mL bottle of Nitrate High Standard (100 mg/L or 100 ppm NO3–) Short-term ISE soaking bottle User Manual - NO3-BTA

The Go Direct Salinity Sensor precisely measures the total dissolved salt content of ocean or brackish water. This probe connects via Bluetooth® wireless technology or via USB to your device. Specifications Range of Salinity Sensor: 0 to 50 ppt (0 to 50,000 ppm) Accuracy (factory calibration):+/-1.5 ppt below 35 ppt +/-5.0 ppt above 35 ppt Accuracy (user calibration):+/- 0.5 ppt within user-calibrated range Temperature compensation: automatic from 5 to 35°C, can be turned off Temperature range (can be placed in): 0 to 80°C Description: dip type, abs body, parallel graphite electrodes Dimensions: 12 mm OD and 150 mm length What's included Go Direct Salinity Sensor Micro USB Cable User Manual - GDX-SAL

Shipping in June 2026The Go Direct Air Quality Sensor helps students investigate real‑world questions about the quality of the air we breathe with measurable evidence—right where they live and learn.Designed for high school and college use, this durable sensor supports indoor and outdoor monitoring so students can track pollutants over time, analyze spatial patterns, and connect air quality to human and ecological health.Make air quality tangible, local, and measurable for students. The Go Direct Air Quality Sensor transforms air quality from an abstract concept into measurable evidence in a classroom-ready form. It equips educators and students with the tools needed to investigate pollution scientifically, think systemically, and understand how environmental conditions directly affect human and ecological health—right where they live and learn. Includes 3 AP- and NGSS-Aligned LessonsUsing the Sensor: Learn different channels, remote data collection, and basic analysis. Indoor Air Quality Investigation: Analyze indoor air quality data and develop recommendations to improve it. Traffic and Outdoor Air Quality: Investigate how vehicle traffic affects air pollution. Extended Investigation Ideas Compare indoor and outdoor air quality. Monitor particulate matter near roads, parking lots, or green spaces. Analyze air quality changes during traffic peaks or daily weather shifts. Observe ozone trends on sunny vs. cloudy days. Investigate how different types of cooktops affect CO2 and PM levels. Measures Key Air Pollutants Particulate Matter (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) Ground-Level Ozone (O3) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Volatile Organic Compound Index (VOC Index) Measures Environmental Conditions Temperature Relative Humidity Barometric and Station Pressure Key FeaturesReal-time air quality data collection via Bluetooth® wireless technology Remote data logging for long-term or remote investigations, no connection required Integrated Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) allows for geotagging Durable for indoor and outdoor use Remote Data Logging—Go Beyond Wireless Limits! This Go Direct sensor is capable of remote data logging! This feature allows sensors to store data directly to their internal memory—ideal for investigations that extend beyond typical connection ranges like long-term environmental monitoring or rocket launches. It works seamlessly with our award-winning Vernier Graphical Analysis® app so students can visualize their data and make key connections between abstract science concepts and real-world phenomena. Learn more about remote data logging. Rechargeable Battery—Ready When You Are The robust rechargeable battery offers long battery life and provides always-ready operation when using the sensor wirelessly. Monitor battery life directly from our award-winning Vernier Graphical Analysis® app, as well as LabQuest® 3. Should the battery run low, simply connect the sensor to the charging cable and keep on collecting—no interruptions or inconvenience to you or your students. Wireless or Wired—The Flexibility to ChooseOur Go Direct sensors connect directly to your mobile device, Chromebook™, or computer using our Vernier Graphical Analysis® app—no additional equipment or software purchases are necessary. Go Direct sensors can be used wired via USB or wirelessly via Bluetooth® wireless technology, allowing you to choose the best solution for your classroom or laboratory.Go Direct Air Quality has the following channels PM1.0PM2.5PM10CO2NO2SO2O3VOC IndexTemperatureRelative HumidityBarometric PressureStation PressureLatitudeLongitudeAltitudeSpecificationsPM Mass Concentration Specified Range: 0–1000 µg/m3PM1 size range: 0.3–1µgPM2.5 size range: 0.3–2.5µgPM10 size range: 0.3–10µgCO2 Range: 0–5,000 ppmNO2 Range: 0-2000ppb SO2 Range: 0-2000ppbO3 Range: 0-2000ppbVOC Index: 1–500Temperature Range: 10–40℃ (-10℃ min, 50℃ max short term)Relative Humidity Range: 20–80% (10% min, 90% max short term)Station Pressure Range: 260–1260hPaMaximum sampling rate: 1 sample/s

The Flow Rate Sensor measures the velocity of water in studying the discharge, flow patterns, and sediment transport of a stream or river. Specifications Range: 0 to 4.0 m/s (0 to 13 ft/s) Accuracy: ±1% of full-scale reading Typical Resolution: 0.0012 m/s Response time:98% of full-scale reading in 5 seconds 100% of full-scale in 15 seconds Temperature range (can be placed in): 0 to 70°C What's included Vernier Flow Rate Sensor User Manual - FLO-BTA

The Conductivity Probe determines the ionic content of an aqueous solution by measuring its conductivity. This has many applications in chemistry, biology, and environmental science. Specifications Range:Low Range: 0 to 200 μS/cm (0 to 100 mg/L TDS) Mid Range: 0 to 2000 μS/cm (0 to 1000 mg/L TDS) High Range: 0 to 20,000 μS/cm (0 to 10,000 mg/L TDS) Typical Resolution:Low Range: 0.1 μS/cm (0.05 mg/L TDS) Mid Range: 1 μS/cm (0.5 mg/L TDS) High Range 10 μS/cm (5 mg/L TDS) Accuracy using factory calibration:±8% of full-scale reading for low range ±3% of full-scale reading for mid range ±4% of full-scale reading for high range Accuracy using custom calibration: ±2% of full-scale reading for each range Response Time: 98% of full-scale reading in 5 seconds, 100% of full-scale in 15 seconds Temperature Compensation: automatic from 5 to 35 °C Temperature Range (can be placed in): 0 to 80 °C Cell Constant: 1.0 cm-1 Description: ABS body, parallel carbon (graphite) electrodes Dimensions: 12 mm OD and 150 mm length What's included Vernier Conductivity Probe 90 mL bottle of 1000 µS/cm NaCl standard solution User Manual - CON-BTA

Our general-purpose pH Sensor can be used across disciplines, including chemistry, biology, middle school science, and environmental science. Specifications Range: pH 0–14 Accuracy with new electrode (pH): ±0.2 Type: Sealed, gel-filled, polycarbonate body, Ag/AgCl reference, single junction Shaft Diameter: 12 mm OD Storage solution: pH-4/KCl solution (10 g KCl in 100 mL buffer pH-4 solution) What's included Vernier pH Sensor pH storage solution pH storage solution bottle User Manual - PH-BTA

This probe is designed for outdoor temperature sensing or for measuring temperature at various depths in lakes and streams. It has a 30 m (100 ft) cable. Specifications Range: –50˚C to 150˚C Typical Accuracy: ±1.0°C at 25°C Typical Resolution: 0.07°C Power: 7.4 mA @ 5 VDC Response Time (from 25°C to 100°C in water): 60 seconds What's included Extra-long temperature probe User Manual - TPL-BTA

Use the Turbidity Sensor to measure the turbidity of freshwater or seawater samples and determine water quality. Simple setup and calibration make it easy to use at the collection site or when you return to the classroom. Specifications Range: 0 to 200 NTU Typical Resolution: 0.25 NTU Accuracy: ±2 NTU for readings under 25 NTU ±5% of readings above 25 NTU LED wavelength: 890 nm What's included Vernier Turbidity Sensor 100 NTU turbidity standard One empty glass cuvette Safety Data Sheet for AMCO Clear® 100 NTU Standard User Manual - TRB-BTA

Use the Water Depth Sampler to collect water samples from any desired lake depth. What's included Water Depth Sampler 50-foot nylon drop cord User Manual - WDS

The Calcium Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) can be used to measure the concentration of Calcium (Ca2+) in aqueous samples. Specifications Range (concentration): 1 to 40,000 mg/L (or ppm) Reproducibility (precision): ± 10% of full scale (calibrated 10 to 1000 mg) Interfering Ions: Pb2+, Hg2+, Si2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, NH3, Na+, Tris+, Li+, K+, Ba2+, Zn2+, Mg2+ pH Range (concentration): 2–8 (no pH compensation) Temperature range: 0-40°C (no temperature compensation) Electrode Slope: +26 mV/decade at 25°C Electrode Resistance: 100 MΩ Immersion: 2.8 cm (1.1 in) Electrode length 155 mm Body diameter: 12 mm Cap diameter: 16 mm Cable length: 100 cm What's included Vernier Calcium Ion-Selective Electrode 30 mL bottle of Calcium Low Standard (10 mg/L or 10 ppm Ca2+) 30 mL bottle of Calcium High Standard (1000 mg/L or 1000 ppm Ca2+) Short-term ISE soaking bottle User Manual - CA-BTA

The Go Direct SpectroVis Plus Spectrophotometer quickly measures a full wavelength spectrum. It connects via Bluetooth® wireless technology or via USB to your device. Specifications Wavelength Range: 380 nm–950 nm Support for fluorescence: Two excitation sources centered at 405 nm and 500 nm Reported Wavelength Interval: ~1 nm between reported values (collects 570 values) Optical resolution (FWHM): 5.0 nm Wavelength accuracy: ± 4.0 nm Photometric accuracy: ± 0.10 A.U. Dimensions: 15 cm x 9 cm x 4 cm Light Sources: Incandescent white bulb, approximately 8000 hour lifetime, one-step calibration. LED-based, approximately 100,000 hour lifetime. No external power is required. Typical scan time: ~2 s Connections:Wireless: Bluetooth Wired: USB What's included Go Direct SpectroVis Plus Spectrophotometer 15 plastic cuvettes and lids Mini USB Cable Power supply User Manual - GDX-SVISPL-INTL

The lanyard works as a LabQuest neck strap to prevent accidental drops while doing field studies. It can also be attached to a calculator cradle and used with a LabPro or CBL 2. User Manual - LQ-LAN

The Go Direct Potassium Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) can be used to measure the concentration of potassium (K+) ions in aqueous solutions. It connects via Bluetooth® wireless technology or via USB to your device. Specifications Range (mV): ±1000 mV Range (concentration): 1 to 39,000 mg/L (or ppm) Accuracy: ±11% of full scale (calibrated 10 to 1000 mg/L) Interfering ions: Cs+, NH4+, H+, Ag+, Li+, Na+ pH range: 2–12 (no pH compensation) Temperature range: 0–40°C (no temperature compensation) Electrode slope: 56 ±3 mV/decade at 25°C Electrode resistance: 100 to 200 kΩ Minimum sample size: must be submerged 2.8 cm (1.1 in) Connections:Wireless: Bluetooth Wired: USB What's included Go Direct ISE Amplifier attached to a Potassium Ion-Selective Electrode BNC Micro USB cable 30 mL bottle of High Standard solution with SDS (1000 mg/L or 1000 ppm K+) 30 mL bottle of Low Standard solution with SDS (10 mg/L or 10 ppm K+) Short-Term ISE Soaking Bottle User Manual - GDX-K

The Ammonium Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) can be used to measure the concentration of Ammonium (NH4+) in aqueous samples. Specifications Range (concentration): 1 to 18,000 mg/L (or ppm) Reproducibility (precision): ±10% of full scale (calibrated 1 to 100 mg/L) Interfering ions: K+, Li+, Na+, Cs+, Mg3+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+ pH range: 4–7.5 (no pH compensation) Temperature range: 0–40°C (no temperature compensation) Electrode slope: +56 ±4 mV/decade at 25°C Electrode resistance: 1–4 MΩ Immersion: 2.8 cm Electrode length: 155 mm Body diameter: 12 mm Cap diameter: 16 mm Cable length: 100 cm What's included Vernier Ammonium Ion-Selective Electrode 30 mL bottle of Ammonium Low Standard (1 mg/L or 1 ppm NH4+ as N) 30 mL bottle of Ammonium High Standard (100 mg/L or 100 ppm NH4+ as N) Short-term ISE soaking bottle User Manual - NH4-BTA

The PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation) Sensor measures photosynthetic light levels in both air and water. Specifications PAR Range: 0 to 2500 μmol m-2 s-1 (PPFD) in full sun Absolute Accuracy: ±5% Repeatability: ±1% Long-Term Drift: Less than 2% per year Cosine Response:45° zenith angle: ±2% 75° zenith angle: ±5% Wavelength range: 370 nm to 650 nm Typical Resolution: 1 μmol m-2 s-1 (PPFD) Sensor dimensions:Diameter: 2.4 cm Height: 3.3 cm Cable length: 5 m Materials: Anodized aluminum with case acrylic lens What's included Vernier PAR Sensor PAR Sensor lens cover User Manual - PAR-BTA

The Salinity Sensor precisely measures the total dissolved salt content of ocean or brackish water. Specifications Range of Salinity Sensor: 0 to 50 ppt (0 to 50,000 ppm) Accuracy using factory calibration: ±3% of full-scale reading Accuracy using custom calibration: ±1% of full-scale reading Response time: 90% of full-scale reading in 10 s. Temperature compensation: automatic from 5 to 35°C Temperature range (can be placed in): 0 to 80°C Cell constant: 10 cm-1 Description: dip type, epoxy body, parallel platinum electrodes Dimensions: 12 mm OD and 150 mm length What's included Vernier Salinity Sensor User Manual - SAL-BTA

The Stainless Steel Temperature Probe is a rugged, general-purpose temperature sensor that can be used in organic liquids, salt solutions, acids, and bases. Use it as you would use a thermometer for experiments in chemistry, physics, biology, Earth science, and environmental science. Specifications Temperature range: –40 to 135°C (–40 to 275°F) Maximum temperature that the sensor can tolerate without damage: 150°C Typical Resolution:0.17°C (–40 to 0°C) 0.03°C (0 to 40°C) 0.1°C (40 to 100°C) 0.25°C (100 to 135°C) Temperature sensor: 20 kΩ NTC Thermistor Accuracy: ±0.2°C at 0°C, ±0.5°C at 100°C Response time (time for 90% change in reading):10 seconds (in water, with stirring) 400 seconds (in still air) 90 seconds (in moving air) Probe dimensions:Probe length (handle plus body): 15.5 cm Stainless steel body: length 10.5 cm, diameter 4.0 mm Probe handle: length 5.0 cm, diameter 1.25 cm What's included Vernier Stainless Steel Temperature Probe User Manual - TMP-BTA

The Chloride Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) is used to measure the concentration of Chloride (Cl-) in aqueous samples. Specifications Range (concentration): 1 to 35,000 mg/L (or ppm) Reproducibility (precision): ±10% of full scale (calibrated 10 to 1000 mg/L) Interfering ions: CN–, Br–, I–, OH–, S2–, NH3 pH range: 2–12 (no pH compensation) Temperature range: 0–80°C (no temperature compensation) Electrode slope: –56 ±3 mV/decade at 25°C Electrode resistance: 1 to 5 MΩ Immersion: 2.8 cm Electrode length: 125 mm Body diameter: 12 mm Cable length: 100 cm What's included Vernier Chloride Ion-Selective Electrode 30 mL bottle of Chloride Low Standard (10 mg/L or 10 ppm Cl–) 30 mL bottle of Chloride High Standard (1000 mg/L or 1000 ppm Cl–) Short-term ISE soaking bottle Polishing Strips User Manual - CL-BTA